Chapter 2: Plot

Prose Fiction: An Introduction to the Semiotics of Narrative

Ignasi Ribó

Key Concepts: Thread, Emplotment, Structure, Suspense & Surprise

The Thread of Narrative

Plot is the organizing thread of events in a narrative. Events are connected by time, by cause, or both. Plot is distinct from the raw sequence of events — it is the crafted narrative arc.

Fig 2.2 – Time only connections
Fig 2.3 – Time and cause connections

Time + Cause

Most effective narratives link events by both chronology and causality. One event triggers another, creating a logical and emotionally satisfying flow of action.

Emplotment

“Emplotment” is the narrative shaping of events. The order of presentation may differ from chronological sequence, creating suspense, surprise, or deeper meaning.

Fig 2.4 – Emplotment effects

Beginnings, Middles, Ends

Following Aristotelian tradition, plots have a beginning (introduction), middle (conflict), and end (resolution). This structure orients readers and provides closure.

Fig 2.1 – Aristotle

Conflict & Resolution

Conflict drives plot. It may be internal or external, but it creates stakes and narrative tension that resolve through action or transformation.

Suspense & Surprise

Suspense arises when the audience anticipates future events. Surprise breaks those expectations. Emplotment controls how these emotions are triggered in readers.

Fig 2.5 – St. George and the Dragon

Illustrative Examples

Fig 2.6 – Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe — a classic survival narrative with strong causal logic and resolution.

Fig 2.7 – Hansel and Gretel

Hansel & Gretel — uses surprise, conflict, and moral resolution typical of folktales.

Fig 2.9 – Freytag’s Pyramid

Freytag’s Pyramid

Freytag's model maps narrative progression: Exposition → Rising Action → Climax → Falling Action → Denouement. It's especially useful for analyzing classical plot structures.

Why Plot Matters

  • Shapes how readers perceive and interpret events
  • Creates emotional investment via conflict and resolution
  • Controls the pacing and rhythm of a story
  • Allows manipulation of time and perspective for artistic effect

Summary

  1. Plot structures events with time and causality
  2. Emplotment crafts the reader’s experience
  3. Conflict is essential for narrative momentum
  4. Suspense and surprise depend on plot structure
  5. Classic models like Freytag’s Pyramid provide useful analysis tools

Looking Ahead

Next: Chapter 3 — Setting

How space, atmosphere, and world-building shape narrative meaning